2. **How do Islamic geometric patterns and calligraphy in the art of regions such as Iran, Turkey, and India symbolize spiritual concepts and religious beliefs?
**What are the key characteristics and themes of Mughal miniature paintings, and how do they reflect the cultural and historical context of the Mughal Empire?
What role do symbols and motifs, such as dragons, phoenixes, and nature scenes, play in Chinese art, and what do they typically represent in the context of historical and modern Chinese culture?
How do Chinese ink painting techniques differ from Western painting techniques, and what are the key characteristics of the materials used in traditional Chinese ink art?
What are the distinguishing features of ancient Chinese ceramics, such as those from the Tang and Song dynasties, and how have they influenced pottery and ceramic art worldwide?
In what ways did the Cultural Revolution impact traditional Chinese art forms, and how have contemporary Chinese artists responded to or incorporated these changes in their work?
How has traditional Chinese philosophy, such as Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, influenced the themes and techniques in Chinese painting and calligraphy?
What role do symbolism and iconography play in the traditional arts of Southeast Asia, and how have they been used to convey cultural narratives and societal values?
How did the Mughal Empire contribute to the development of art and architecture in South Asia, and what are some of the most renowned examples of Mughal art?
